Which type of burn is characterized by damage to the outer layer of skin only?

• A. First degree
• B. Second degree
• C. Third degree
• D. Fourth degree

Answer: (A)

First-degree burns are characterized by damage to the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. This type of burn is typically the least severe, resulting in redness, minor swelling, and pain in the affected area without damaging deeper layers of skin. These burns generally heal within a few days as the epidermis regenerates and does not usually require medical treatment, beyond basic first aid.

In contrast, second-degree burns affect both the epidermis and part of the underlying layer, causing blisters and more intense pain. Third-degree burns extend through the full thickness of the skin, resulting in a white, charred appearance and numbness due to nerve damage. Fourth-degree burns go even further, damaging skin, fat, muscle, and bone. Hence, the defining characteristics of first-degree burns make this the correct answer, as it specifically involves only the outer layer of skin.